Household dynamics and economic status of parents of migrants and non-migrants in rural West Bengal, India: A study of living arrangements

Manoj Dakua, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS)
Hemkhothang Lhungdim, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS)

Indian society favours filial piety, with younger family members caring for older adults. Nowadays, fertility rates have decreased, and young adults are migrating, reducing the number of children caring for older adults in rural areas. Economic status and household dynamics also influence living arrangements. The study used micro-level survey data to understand the characteristics of older parents who live alone or with their spouse, focusing on household dynamics and economic status. It also investigated the best theoretical model for intergenerational relations in contemporary India. The study reveals that 27.68% of households are one-generation, 28.28% are two-generation, and 44% have three or more generations. About 29% of older parents live alone or with only their spouse. Parents with migrant are more likely to live alone or only with their spouse. Parents who own land are less likely to live alone or only with their spouse. Economic stability and property ownership enable multiple generations to live alongside each other. Older parents prioritize their children’s well-being over personal comfort, often due to concerns about financial constraints, altruism, and family ties. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for policymakers and social service providers to create tailored initiatives for older individuals with diverse needs and preferences.

Keywords: Older Adults and Intergenerational Relations, Population Ageing

See paper.