Exploring the Psychological Impact: How Spatial Distribution of Offspring Influences Depression among Vietnam’s Elderly Population

Duc Thao Vu, Chulalongkorn University

Background: Rapid population aging and socio-economic transitions are reshaping traditional family structures in Vietnam, raising concerns about mental health among older adults. Geographic separation from adult children is thought to affect depression risk, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: This study examines the relationship between the spatial distribution of offspring, specifically living arrangements and child proximity, and depression among Vietnamese elders, while accounting for demographic, health, and social factors. Methods: Data were drawn from 3,688 self-respondents aged 60+ in the nationally representative 2018 Longitudinal Study of Aging and Health in Vietnam (LSAHV). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 11-item CES-D scale. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the associations between offspring distribution (coresident, nearby, distant) and depression, while sequentially adjusting for demographic, health, and social variables. Effect modification by gender, age, marital status, and residence was tested. Results: While depression prevalence was 26%, living with children (67.5%) initially appeared protective. However, after full adjustment, only rural elders with children nearby faced higher depression risk (OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.03–2.37). The strongest independent protective factors were very good self-rated health (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.23–0.39), the absence of disability, and participation in non-religious organizations (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.54–0.80). Model discrimination improved with the inclusion of health and social factors (AUROC = 0.75). Conclusion: In Vietnam, the protective role of living with children is largely attributed to health and social engagement, except in rural areas where proximity remains a significant factor. Policies should prioritize health promotion and inclusive social activities to address late-life depression, especially for vulnerable rural elders.

Keywords: Older Adults and Intergenerational Relations, Population Ageing, Population Policies, Population and Development

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  Presented in Session 117. Exploring Cognitive Health and Mental Well-being among Older Adults