Hidden by National Averages: Unveiling the Complex Dynamics of Ethnic Disparities in Child Survival Across Sub-Saharan Africa

Vincent Bio Bediako, University of Pennsylvania
Michel Guillot, University of Pennsylvania & INED

The study examines ethnic disparities in child survival across Sub-Saharan Africa, where national averages often obscure significant within-country inequalities. Despite progress in reducing under-five mortality rates (U5MR) over the last two decades, ethnic disparities persist, driven by factors such as maternal education, wealth, and healthcare access. Using data from the two most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from fourteen countries, the study employs advanced statistical methods to quantify these disparities and assess their evolution over time. The analysis reveals that while some ethnic groups benefit disproportionately from national gains, others remain vulnerable, especially in conflict-affected or geographically isolated regions. By applying inequality measures like the Between-Group Variance (BGV) and Theil Index (TI), the study highlights the unequal burden of child mortality and calls for targeted policy interventions to address these persistent inequalities. Ultimately, the research emphasizes the need for equity-focused strategies to ensure that all children benefit from improvements in child survival outcomes.

Keywords: Inequality, Disadvantage and Discrimination, Mortality and Longevity, Children, Adolescents, and Youth

See extended abstract.