Bidirectional Association between Functional Difficulty and Multimorbidity among Older Adults in India

Priyanka Patel, Tulane University Newcomb Institute
Mayank Singh, Kle University

India's aging population is increasing rapidly, leading to a higher burden of chronic diseases and disabilities. Multimorbidity, the presence of two or more chronic conditions, and functional difficulties in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) are key public health challenges for older adults. This study used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI, 2017-18), analysing 31,902 individuals aged 60 and above to explore the bidirectional relationship between multimorbidity and functional difficulties. Multinomial regression models, adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and regional factors, revealed a significant bidirectional association. Severe difficulties in ADL and IADL were linked to a higher risk of multimorbidity (RR = 3.97 and 2.92, respectively), while individuals with multimorbidity had higher risks of functional difficulties in ADL (RR = 3.89) and IADL (RR = 2.84). The results highlight the complex interplay between these conditions, influenced by factors such as age, gender, education, wealth, and region. Integrated healthcare strategies focusing on early detection, prevention, and management of chronic diseases and maintaining functional capacity are essential to improve the quality of life for India’s ageing population.

Keywords: Population Ageing, Health and Morbidity, Population and Development

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