Demographic Transitions of the Afro-descendant Population in Ecuador: 2001-2022

Rosa Salinas, Innovasocial Populations

This study examines the demographic dynamics of the Afro-Ecuadorian population using data from the 2001, 2010, and 2022 censuses, focusing on three main areas: fertility, mortality, and migration. Brass and Arriaga methods are used to adjust fertility rates and provide an accurate picture of reproductive trends. The results indicate a progressive decline in the total fertility rate and age-specific fertility, especially among adolescents and women over 30 years old. Mortality shows a notable decrease in infant mortality but a concerning increase in the mortality of young and adult men, attributable to socioeconomic factors. Internal migration reveals complex patterns, with provinces such as Guayas and Pichincha initially attracting the Afro population but experiencing changes in 2022. Esmeraldas continues to be a significant expelling province. Ethnic self-identification and data registration limitations present important challenges, affecting census accuracy. Despite advances in reducing fertility and improving life expectancy, the Afro-Ecuadorian population still faces significant inequalities. This study highlights the need for specific public policies and an inclusive approach to data collection to address ethnic disparities and improve the living conditions of the Afro population in Ecuador.

Keywords: Inequality, Disadvantage and Discrimination, Census data, Longitudinal studies , Fertility

See paper.