Re-imagine the Role of Assisted Reproductive Technology in the Context of Low Fertility in China: Qualitative Interviews with Multi-disciplinary Experts

Yuyin Zhou, Institute of Population Research, Peking University
Zining Chen, Peking University
Yifei Zhang, Institute of Population Research
Xiaoyi Fang, Peking University
Fan Yang, Peking University

Introduction: Assisted reproductive technology (ART), particularly in vitro fertilization, has provided a solution for infertile couples. In the context of China’s low fertility rate (TFR=1.18 in 2022), there is growing interest in expanding ART access to women of reproductive age to help address declining birth rates. This study investigates expert opinions on ART regulation and access in China, offering multi-disciplinary perspectives for policy development. Methods: Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with ten experts across demography, law, bioethics, reproductive medicine, and epidemiology. The interviews took place between February and March 2024, each lasting 60-90 minutes. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes and divergences in their views. Results: Experts largely agreed on the benefits of social egg freezing for extending the reproductive timeline of women delaying childbirth. However, opinions diverged on access to ART for single women, with some expressing concerns about its potential to delay marriage and lower fertility, while others advocated for reproductive autonomy. The long-term demographic impact of ART and the level of government regulation required were also debated. Conclusion: Balancing individual reproductive choices with national demographic goals remains a challenge. Given the complexities of ART, updated and responsive policies are essential to address China's fertility concerns.

Keywords: Qualitative data/methods/approaches, Fertility

See extended abstract.