Empowering Women amidst Long Working Hours and Unsupportive Family Dynamics: Exploring Livelihood Opportunities and Gender-Sensitive Strategies to Boost Female Labor Force Participation in India

Radhika Dayal, Population Council Consulting India
Sudeshna Maitra, Population Council Consulting
Nizamuddin Khan, Population Council Consulting
Niranjan Saggurti, Population Council

Background: Despite India’s large working-age population and rapid economic growth, female labour force participation (FLFP) has remained persistently low, with a notable decline up until 2018-19 . This study is one of the first to investigate the factors affecting FLFP, with a specific focus on the logistics and flexi-staffing industries in India. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 43 female employees to understand their working conditions, job satisfaction, aspiration, agency, well-being, and challenges they faced in joining and pursuing careers in these sectors. Additionally, we interviewed 8 employers from these industries to understand the gender sensitive strategies they have adopted to increase FLFP. Results: Our analysis identified several common barriers faced by female employees, including long working hours, language barriers, limited break times, unsupportive family environments, and long distances between deliveries. Regarding agency, older and married women reported higher levels of autonomy in their work choices and spending compared to younger women. Furthermore, many female employees lacked role models and had limited aspirations beyond their current roles. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for gender-sensitive strategies like employer training, mentorship programs, educational initiatives for women, on-site childcare facilities and raising awareness among community members about the benefits of women’s employment.

Keywords: Mixed methods research, Gender Dynamics, Qualitative data/methods/approaches, Human Capital, Education, and Work

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