Dynamics in Three-Generational Chinese Families: Conflict, Solidarity, and Ambivalence

Ke MA, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Xue BAI, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Quality multigenerational relationships are crucial for a family’s well-being across generations. This study examines the dynamics within three-generational Chinese families through in-depth interviews with 120 participants from 40 families from September 2023 to March 2024. Key findings highlight three main areas of conflict: 1) Caregiving responsibilities and resource allocation, where the sandwich generation faces dual pressures from both older and younger generations, leading to resource drain and diminished well-being; 2) Shifts in power dynamics from parental authority to dependency, impacted by unequal childhood resource allocation and treatment; 3) Evolving value shifts and poor communication fuelling intergenerational conflicts. Regarding solidarity, 1) Affectual closeness was enhanced through effective communication and direct care; 2) Shared family values and filial responsibilities fostered normative solidarity; 3) Functional solidarity was achieved through beliefs in altruism, reciprocity, and generational investment. Ambivalence emerged from 1) Filial obligation and lingering resentment from past mistreatment ; 2) altruistic parents are lowering their expectations to adapt to filial norms; 3) relational resilience despite intergenerational divergence; 4) Balancing elder care with future investment. This comprehensive qualitative approach advances our understanding of multigenerational dynamics, contributing to family and gerontology research and practice.

Keywords: Older Adults and Intergenerational Relations, Qualitative data/methods/approaches, Population Ageing

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