Spatial Analysis of Hypertension’s Awareness, Treatment and Control in India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey 2019-21

Priti ., Banaras Hindu University (BHU)
Rahul Kumar, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS)
Kunal Keshri, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai

Significant global health concerns are associated with hypertension, a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease with severe implications for morbidity and mortality. This study aims to examine the awareness, treatment, control, and associated risk factors of hypertension. National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2019–21 was used for this study. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, geographical decomposition, and spatial analysis were used to investigate hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control by sex among those aged 15–59 in India. The results show a positive correlation between higher wealth position, urban residency, male gender, older age, and higher education levels of hypertension. Prevalence of awareness, treatment and control was 11.67 per cent, 5.45 per cent, and 26.81 per cent in India, respectively. The odds of secondary education in the treatment of hypertension (1.16) are higher than tertiary, primary and no education. In decomposition, the contribution of household wealth is 50.82%, and that of education is 28.57% in the male-female gap. Clustering was found more in low- and middle-income states than higher-income states in hypertension. The study shows that urban males are more likely to have managed hypertension, indicating that socioeconomic and geographic factors play a significant role in hypertension.

Keywords: Spatial Demography, Health and Morbidity, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Human Capital, Education, and Work

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