Climate Change and Economic Disparities: Drivers of Migration Patterns in Europe

Sorin Avram, National Institue of Economic Research „Costin C. Kiri?escu”
Carmen Gheorghe, National Institute of Economic Research „Costin C. Kiri?escu”
Irina Ontel, National Institue of Economic Research „Costin C. Kiri?escu”

This paper explores the growing phenomenon of migration within and into Europe, driven by the dual forces of climate change and shifting economic conditions. Climate change increasingly impacts southern and eastern European regions, exacerbating environmental degradation, agricultural failures, and resource scarcity, leading to forced displacement and migration. Simultaneously, economic disparities between and within European countries intensify as northern and western regions become more economically stable and attractive for migrants. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study analyzes migration trends, examines case studies of affected areas, and evaluates the implications for policy development. The paper argues that addressing climate-induced migration and economic inequality requires an integrated approach that combines environmental sustainability with economic restructuring across the continent. It highlights the need for coordinated European policies to manage migration flows and reduce the vulnerabilities of the most affected regions.

Keywords: International Migration, Inequality, Disadvantage and Discrimination, Spatial Demography, Population, Environment, and Climate Change

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