Understanding Return Migrants in Middle Ganga Plain with Regard to Post Return Scenario: Satisfaction, Awareness and Expectations

Sunil Sarode, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS)
Niharika Awasthi, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS)

This study examines the post-return experiences of 390 return migrants in the Middle Ganga Plain, focusing on their expectations, awareness, and satisfaction levels after migration. Although return migration is a significant issue, the reintegration of migrants into their communities and labor markets has not been widely studied. The research explores the socio-economic conditions, employment opportunities, and overall contentment of return migrants, along with their awareness of government programs designed to support reintegration. The findings indicate that while many return migrants feel relieved and at home, they struggle to secure stable employment and fully reintegrate into the local economy. Financial stability and social mobility expectations remain unmet, and there is limited awareness of available resources. 40% of return migrants are landless, and only 20% hold more than an acre of land. Although 69% of the respondents are happy to have reunited with and supported their families, 31% are dissatisfied, mainly due to financial difficulties. Only 49% have found employment, leaving 51% unemployed. Furthermore, just 21 migrants were aware of and benefited from policies designed for returnees. This study offers insights for policymakers to better address the challenges faced by return migrants and improve the reintegration process.

Keywords: Internal Migration and Urbanization, Population and Development, Human Capital, Education, and Work, Population Policies

See extended abstract.