Variations in Cultural and Gender Aspects of Aging and Elder Care among Indian Regions: An in-Depth Examination of Patriarchal and Matriarchal Social Systems

Adrika Maji, HelpAge India

Introduction: This research explores regional and gender differences in aging and elder care practices in India, focusing on how patriarchal and matriarchal systems shape practices. It examines how cultural diversity, customs, gender norms, and socio-economic factors affect elder care. Methods: Data from the Census of India, LASI, and NSS was analysed to assess differences in elderly population statistics, healthcare availability, and caregiving duties across Indian regions. Statistical methods, such as t-tests and meta-regression, were used to uncover gender differences and the impact of societal norms on elderly care outcomes. Results: Noticeable regional differences were identified, with Southern India (areas with matriarchal societies) displaying better healthcare availability (85%) in contrast to Northern India (50%). Women in patriarchal areas carry a heavier load of caregiving responsibilities, dedicating 25 hours per week to this task, in contrast to women in matriarchal communities who only spend 18 hours per week on caregiving duties. Gender inequalities in accessing healthcare were significantly greater in areas with a patriarchal structure. Conclusion: Regions that adhere to patriarchal norms show higher levels of vulnerability among elderly women, highlighting the necessity for healthcare reforms that are sensitive to gender. Matriarchal communities, such as Kerala, offer examples of fairer caregiving systems.

Keywords: Population Ageing, Gender Dynamics

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