Climate Shifts, Gender Rifts: Unveiling the Impact of Climate Change on Women in India's Labour Market

Ankita Srivastava, National Institute of Urban Affairs, New Delhi

This study explores the intersection of gender inequality, climate change, and labour market disparities in India, where women are disproportionately affected by the impacts of extreme weather events. Focusing on climate-sensitive regions—such as Eastern, Northern, Western, and Southern India—this research highlights how climate change exacerbates socio-economic vulnerabilities for women, especially in sectors like agriculture, fisheries, and informal work. Utilizing quantitative data from national surveys and climate databases, alongside qualitative insights from key informant interviews, the study reveals a declining female labour force participation rate (FLFPR) and widening gender pay gaps in regions prone to floods, droughts, and cyclones. The findings indicate that women in these areas face significant barriers to employment recovery due to increased unpaid caregiving responsibilities and limited access to climate-resilient jobs. Moreover, structural inequalities, such as outdated skills and gender norms, further restrict women’s participation in the labour market. The study calls for gender-sensitive policy interventions, including climate-resilient job creation, skill development, expanded social protection programs, and the integration of gender considerations into climate adaptation strategies. These policies are essential for addressing the compounding effects of climate change and gender inequality, particularly for women in vulnerable sectors and regions.

Keywords: Population, Environment, and Climate Change, Gender Dynamics, Economic Demography

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